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Pericarditis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
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- FormatePub
- ISBN978-1-370-34470-3
- EAN9781370344703
- Date de parution01/02/2017
- Protection num.pas de protection
- Infos supplémentairesepub
- ÉditeurEditeurs divers USA
Résumé
Pericarditis is a cardiac disorder where the pericardiac sac surrounding the heart and roots of the great vessels coming from the heart is inflamed. Pericarditis is caused by:A. Infections1. Bacterial- streptococcus2. Viral - cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, influenza virus, hepatitis B virus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus3. Mycotic4. TuberculosisB. Non- infection:1. Autoimmune diseases include:a.
Rheumatic feverb. Rheumatoid arthritisc. Systemic lupus erythrematosisd. Drug induced2. Neoplastic3. Uremia4. Myxedema5. Trauma6. Myocardial infarction7. Myocarditis, 8. Dissecting aortic aneurysm, 9. RadiationSymptoms:1. Chest pain of sudden onset in the anterior chest2. Pain is sharp and becomes worse with inspiration due to pleural inflammation.3. Pain is relieved with sitting up and leaning forward and become worse on lying down4.
Pericardial rub is a typical sign of acute pericarditis. This rub is best heard at the left sternal border as a squeaky or scratching sound using the diaphragm of the stethoscope. The pericardial rub is due to the friction generated by the two inflamed layers of the pericardium. Diagnosis is by:Classic feature of chest pain and dyspnea with pericarditisECG can be diagnostic in acute pericarditis and evolves in 4 stages.
Stage 1 accompanies the onset of acute painStage 2 occurs several days later with the return of the ST segment to baselineStage 3 ECG changes are T waves become inverted in stage 3 but without Q-wave formationStage 4 ECG changes are the ECG returns to the prepericarditis baseline weeks to months after the initial onsetThe T-wave inversion may persist indefinitely in the chronic inflammation observed with tuberculosis, uremia, or neoplasmHowever, only 50% of patients with pericarditis experience all 4 stages.
An important ECG finding is PR-segment depression, which has been reported in as many as 80% of viral pericarditis cases. MRI is sensitive for detecting pericardial effusion and loculated pericardial effusion and thickening. Pericardiocentesis is relatively safe when guided by echocardiography, especially with large free anterior effusionTreatments may include medicines and, less often, procedures or surgery.
Medical treatment are:AntibioticsNSAIDsSurgical procedures for pericarditis include pericardiectomy, pericardiocentesis, pericardial window placement, and pericardiotomy. Pericardiectomy is the most effective surgical procedure for managing large effusions, because it has the lowest associated risk of recurrent effusionsTABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionChapter 1 PericarditisChapter 2 CausesChapter 3 SymptomsChapter 4 DiagnosisChapter 5 TreatmentChapter 6 PrognosisChapter 7 Coronary Heart DiseaseChapter 8 CardiomyopathyEpilogue
Rheumatic feverb. Rheumatoid arthritisc. Systemic lupus erythrematosisd. Drug induced2. Neoplastic3. Uremia4. Myxedema5. Trauma6. Myocardial infarction7. Myocarditis, 8. Dissecting aortic aneurysm, 9. RadiationSymptoms:1. Chest pain of sudden onset in the anterior chest2. Pain is sharp and becomes worse with inspiration due to pleural inflammation.3. Pain is relieved with sitting up and leaning forward and become worse on lying down4.
Pericardial rub is a typical sign of acute pericarditis. This rub is best heard at the left sternal border as a squeaky or scratching sound using the diaphragm of the stethoscope. The pericardial rub is due to the friction generated by the two inflamed layers of the pericardium. Diagnosis is by:Classic feature of chest pain and dyspnea with pericarditisECG can be diagnostic in acute pericarditis and evolves in 4 stages.
Stage 1 accompanies the onset of acute painStage 2 occurs several days later with the return of the ST segment to baselineStage 3 ECG changes are T waves become inverted in stage 3 but without Q-wave formationStage 4 ECG changes are the ECG returns to the prepericarditis baseline weeks to months after the initial onsetThe T-wave inversion may persist indefinitely in the chronic inflammation observed with tuberculosis, uremia, or neoplasmHowever, only 50% of patients with pericarditis experience all 4 stages.
An important ECG finding is PR-segment depression, which has been reported in as many as 80% of viral pericarditis cases. MRI is sensitive for detecting pericardial effusion and loculated pericardial effusion and thickening. Pericardiocentesis is relatively safe when guided by echocardiography, especially with large free anterior effusionTreatments may include medicines and, less often, procedures or surgery.
Medical treatment are:AntibioticsNSAIDsSurgical procedures for pericarditis include pericardiectomy, pericardiocentesis, pericardial window placement, and pericardiotomy. Pericardiectomy is the most effective surgical procedure for managing large effusions, because it has the lowest associated risk of recurrent effusionsTABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionChapter 1 PericarditisChapter 2 CausesChapter 3 SymptomsChapter 4 DiagnosisChapter 5 TreatmentChapter 6 PrognosisChapter 7 Coronary Heart DiseaseChapter 8 CardiomyopathyEpilogue
A propos de Kenneth Kee
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