Kidney Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

This book describes Kidney Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related DiseasesThe kidneys are the 2 bean-shaped organs in the urinary system. They assist the body to pass waste as urine. They also assist filter blood before sending it back to the heart. The kidneys do many essential functions, such as:1. Maintenance of overall fluid balance2. Regulation and filtration of minerals from blood3. Filtration of waste materials from food, medicines, and toxic substances4.
Producing hormones that help produce red blood cells, promote bone health, and regulate blood pressureNephrons are the most essential part of each kidney. They receive blood, metabolize nutrients, and help pass out waste products from filtered blood. Each nephron starts in a renal corpuscle made of a glomerulus containing numerous capillaries enclosed in a Bowman's capsule. Proteins and other large molecules are filtered and moved out of the oxygenated blood in the glomerulus and pass into Bowman's capsule and the tubular fluid contained within.
Blood goes on to flow around the nephron until it reaches another capillary-rich region the peritubular capillaries, where the filtered molecules are reabsorbed from the tubule of the nephron. Tubular re-absorption is the method by which solutes and water are eliminated from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood. Re-absorption is a two-step method starting with the active or passive extraction of substances from the tubule fluid into the renal interstitium, and then the movement of these substances from the interstitium into the bloodstreamBecause of all of the critical functions the kidneys do and the toxins they encounter, the kidneys are susceptible to different problems.
Some of these disorders are:1. Chronic kidney disease2. Kidney failure3. Kidney stones4. Glomerulonephritis5. Acute nephritis6. Polycystic kidney disease7. Urinary tract infections8. Caliectasis9. Acidosis10. Uremia11. Hydronephrosis12. Pyelonephritis13. Kidney cysts14. Nephrotic syndrome15. AzotemiaKidney disorders can cause a variety of symptoms. Some frequent ones are:1. Trouble sleeping2. Fatigue3.
Inability to concentrate4. Dry, itchy skin5. Increased or decreased urination6. Blood in urine7. Foamy urine8. Puffiness around the eyes9. Foot or ankle swelling10. Reduced appetite11. Muscle crampsDiagnosis is by:Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measure how well the kidneys are functioningUltrasound or computed tomography (CT) Scan reveal any tumors or structural disorder such as cysts, stonesKidney biopsy to find out the type of kidney diseaseUrine test for albumin lost through leaky kidneyBlood creatinine test is high if the kidneys are not working properlyTreatment for kidney disease normally focuses on controlling the underlying cause of the disease.
Drugs and medicines such as ACI or ARB for high blood pressure, statins for cholesterolDietary and lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise for diabetes and hypertensionReduce weight or alcohol or smokingDialysis and kidney diseaseWhere there is serious dysfunction of the kidneys, Hemodialysis is done by pumping into into a special machine that filters out waste products and fluid. Peritoneal dialysis is done when the peritoneum (membrane that lines the abdominal wall) does the functions of the kidneys.
A tube is implanted and utilized to fill the abdomen with a fluid called dialysate. Waste products in the blood pass from the peritoneum into the dialysateKidney cancer, polycystic kidneys, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, kidney stones are serious kidney diseases that may cause pain and lead to kidney failure. TABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionChapter 1 KidneyChapter 2...