Interstitial Cystitis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

This book describes Interstitial Cystitis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related DiseasesInterstitial cystitis (IC) is often called the painful bladder syndrome. It is difficult to diagnose and there is no cure though treatments can make life better with it. If the patient has urinary pain that persists for more than 6 weeks and is not caused by other disorders like infection or kidney stones, the patient may have IC.
The disease can affect the social life, exercise, sleep and even the ability to work. IC is a chronic bladder disorder. The bladder retains urine after the kidneys have filtered it but before the patient passes it out. This disorder induces pain and pressure below the abdominal navel. Symptoms can come and go. Or they may be constant. The patient may have to urinate as many as 40-60 times a day in severe cases.
It can even cause the patient to stay awake at night.1. Bladder pressure and pain that becomes worse as the bladder fills up.2. Pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, pelvis, or urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body)3. For women, pain in the vulva, vagina, or the region behind the vagina4. For men, pain in the scrotum, testicles, penis, or the region behind the scrotum5.
The necessity to urinate often (more than the normal 7-8 times daily)All people with it have an inflamed bladder. About 5% to 10% of people have ulcers in their bladderMen and women have pain during sex. About 90% of people with IC are women. There is an estimate that about 3% to 6% of adult women have some type of IC. That is about 3 million to 8 million American women. About 1.3% of American men also have itOn average, people first begin having urinary problems in their 40s.
The risk of having IC goes up as the patient becomes olderCauses:1. A disorder with bladder tissue allows things in the urine to irritate the bladder.2. Inflammation induces the body to release chemicals that produce symptoms.3. Something in the urine injures the bladder.4. A nerve disorder makes the bladder feel pain from things that normally do not hurt.5. The immune system cells attacks the bladder cells (autoimmune reaction).6.
Another disorder that causes inflammation somewhere else is also targeting the bladder. Diagnosis:There is no specific test for interstitial cystitisThese tests can exclude other disorders:Urinalysis and urine culturePost-void residual urine volumeCystoscopyBladder and urethra biopsyTreatment:The main treatments for IC are outlined in the AUA IC guideline:1. First-Line Treatmenta. Self-help2. Second-Line Treatmenta.
Physical Therapy is very importantb. Complementary and Alternative Therapyc. Oral Medications (e.g. Elmiron)d. Bladder Instillation3. Third-Line Treatmenta. Cystoscopy with hydrodistention4. Fourth-Line Treatmenta. Neurostimulation5. Fifth-Line Treatmenta. Immunosuppressants (e.g. Cyclosporine)b. Botox6. Sixth-Line Treatmenta. SurgeryUpdated treatmentDoctors think of the first line of treatment as the typical one.1.
Pentosan polysulfate2. HydroxyzineA defective layer coating the bladder lining (glycosaminoglycan) in IC caused testing of the Elmiron to replace the layer. The mast cell proliferation and swelling in the bladder wall observed in IC also appeared like an allergic reaction, so doctors began to try antihistamines, such as hydroxyzine (Atarax). Some autoimmune diseases are more frequent in IC patientsThe idea triggered medical uses of immunosuppressive drugsOne useful IC treatment is amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant which can also relieve painA new treatment is based on liposomes, microscopic particles that can dissolve fat for bladder instillation...