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Encephalitis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions
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- FormatePub
- ISBN978-1-370-49774-4
- EAN9781370497744
- Date de parution21/10/2016
- Protection num.pas de protection
- Infos supplémentairesepub
- ÉditeurEditeurs divers USA
Résumé
Encephalitis is a serious medical disease which causes inflammation and infection of the brain. The causes of Encephalitis may be divided into:1. Viral infections are the most common(Herpes simplex, virus, mumps, West Nile Encephalitis, Japanese Encephalitis, St Louis Encephalitis). Of these viruses, herpes simplex virus is the most serious and can cause fatality.2. Bacterial infections such as meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) and pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) can be serious and fatal in some cases.
Meningococcal Encephalitis can cause outbreaks (spread easily).3. Fungi, Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of fungal Encephalitis4. ParasiticExamples are Toxoplasmosis, malaria, amoeba, Lyme diseaseThe symptoms which often define Encephalitis are:1. Severe headache2. Fever3. Confusion4. Drowsiness5. Fatigue6. Seizures7. Convulsions8. Hallucinations9. Memory problems10. Tremors11. Weakness of the hands and legs12.
Incontinence of urinary and bowel movementDiagnosis of Encephalitis is based on:1. Typical symptoms of fever, headache, confusion.2. Physical examination shows confusion, drowsiness and signs of neck rigidity3. Blood tests (full blood count, ESR and blood culture)4. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) via lumbar puncture is examined for increased white blood cells and protein content, normal glucose level.
Red blood cells may be present if there is bleeding. Sometimes the CSF may show the presence of micro-organisms. This test should not be done if there is suspected cerebral mass lesion or raised intracranial pressure (head injury, localizing neurological signs, or signs of raised ICP).5. CT or MRI of the brain and spine with MRI preferred over CT because it can detect more easily areas of cerebral edema, tumors, ischemia and meningeal inflammation.
Treatment of Encephalitis is by:1. Hospitalization should be immediate as Encephalitis is a life threatening condition.2. Antibiotics such as cephalosporin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, intravenous vancomycin to be started even before doing lumbar puncture. Acyclovir may be given for herpes virus infectionHigh dosages of antifungals may be given for Fungal Encephalitis for a prolonged period of time3.
Corticosteroids is useful to reduce swelling and inflammation in the brain4. Sedatives may be needed for irritability and restlessness5. High-flow oxygen6. Intravenous fluidsTABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionChapter 1 EncephalitisChapter 2 More Facts of EncephalitisChapter 3 Treatment of EncephalitisChapter 4 MeningitisChapter 5 Yellow feverChapter 6 CryptococcosisChapter 7 EpilepsyEpilogue
Meningococcal Encephalitis can cause outbreaks (spread easily).3. Fungi, Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of fungal Encephalitis4. ParasiticExamples are Toxoplasmosis, malaria, amoeba, Lyme diseaseThe symptoms which often define Encephalitis are:1. Severe headache2. Fever3. Confusion4. Drowsiness5. Fatigue6. Seizures7. Convulsions8. Hallucinations9. Memory problems10. Tremors11. Weakness of the hands and legs12.
Incontinence of urinary and bowel movementDiagnosis of Encephalitis is based on:1. Typical symptoms of fever, headache, confusion.2. Physical examination shows confusion, drowsiness and signs of neck rigidity3. Blood tests (full blood count, ESR and blood culture)4. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) via lumbar puncture is examined for increased white blood cells and protein content, normal glucose level.
Red blood cells may be present if there is bleeding. Sometimes the CSF may show the presence of micro-organisms. This test should not be done if there is suspected cerebral mass lesion or raised intracranial pressure (head injury, localizing neurological signs, or signs of raised ICP).5. CT or MRI of the brain and spine with MRI preferred over CT because it can detect more easily areas of cerebral edema, tumors, ischemia and meningeal inflammation.
Treatment of Encephalitis is by:1. Hospitalization should be immediate as Encephalitis is a life threatening condition.2. Antibiotics such as cephalosporin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, intravenous vancomycin to be started even before doing lumbar puncture. Acyclovir may be given for herpes virus infectionHigh dosages of antifungals may be given for Fungal Encephalitis for a prolonged period of time3.
Corticosteroids is useful to reduce swelling and inflammation in the brain4. Sedatives may be needed for irritability and restlessness5. High-flow oxygen6. Intravenous fluidsTABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionChapter 1 EncephalitisChapter 2 More Facts of EncephalitisChapter 3 Treatment of EncephalitisChapter 4 MeningitisChapter 5 Yellow feverChapter 6 CryptococcosisChapter 7 EpilepsyEpilogue
A propos de Kenneth Kee
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