Cryogenic Heat Transfer

science and technology of extremely low temperatures, plays a major role in industry and science, especially for medical purposes and space technology. For engineers and scientists working in this field, the transfer of heat to equipment at low temperatures is one of the major concerns. Cryogenic Heat Transfer covers some of the special heat transfer problems that are encountered in the cryogenic temperature range, where there are significant differences from conventional heat transfer problems. Designed for use as a text, topics covered include: • Thermal properties of materials at low temperatures • Special insulations used in cryogenics • Problems of conduction with temperature-dependent material properties • Convection correlations useful in many cryogenic energy conversion systems • Boiling, condensation, and two-phase flow for cryogenic fluids • Heat transfer to solid-liquid mixtures (slush) • Radiation heat transfer Throughout the book, example problems are given in each section to illustrate the application of the principles presented. The specific features of heat transfer at cryogenic temperatures (variable properties, near critical convection, Kapitza resistance, etc.) are also included. Extensive references are given for the person interested in further study. Aimed at the reader who has completed an undergraduate engineering heat transfer course, this text is written for students in cryogenic heat transfer, cryogenic systems, and refrigeration. It will also be an excellent reference for practicing engineers to assist them in the design of cryogenic thermal systems.